October 2001

Senator Frank Church, 1975 ⁽¹⁾

At 56, Admiral Jeremy "Mike" Boorda had everything to live for. As Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), he was at the pinnacle of his career. Supported by a loving family and widely respected as "an officer of legendary devotion to the Navy," why would the admiral suddenly and violently take his own life?

On May 16, 1996, Boorda was found shot through the heart on a bench outside his official residence in the Washington Navy Yard. The police instantaneously diagnosed "suicide." But Boorda's recent advocacy of suicide prevention cast an eerie shadow on the official story.

"Can the sailor commit suicide and not have the leader know that he or she was in distress?" the admiral had asked in a speech at the Annapolis Naval Academy the previous month. Answering his own query, he continued, "No. We can't ignore things we must work on and if we hide them, we do everybody a disservice." ⁽²⁾
By all indicators, Boorda was not depressed. His wife and several admirals vouched for his high spirits only hours before his body was found. To intimates, it made no sense that he would destroy himself without warning. Furthermore, as one woman on an Internet listserve so astutely observed, "People who commit suicide by shooting do not do it in the chest." ⁽³⁾

Mike Boorda was an unlikely suicide candidate for another, more personal reason. He and his wife Bettie were the main support for their first-born son David, who is legally blind and severely handicapped by congenital malformations. The Boordas raised him to adulthood in their own home while rearing three other healthy children, two of whom are Navy officers. Known to be very attached to David, the admiral had planned early retirement to spend more time with his family. ⁽⁴⁾Would a responsible and loving father suddenly opt to leave his wife to care for their disabled son alone?

Midway into research for this series, a number of alleged mind control (MC) experimentees began sharing their suspicions that Admiral Boorda had been assassinated to prevent his speaking out against nonconsensual human experimentation in military weapons research. Blanche Chavoustie referred me to a sinister CIA document from the 1950s that entertains ways of "disposing" of experimental MK-Ultra subjects and people "who cannot be trusted" to safeguard military secrets. Chemical lobotomy, drugs, and "ultrasonics or some other radiating energy" were the methods suggested as possible alternatives to an "ice pick" lobotomy or permanently locking the person away someplace. ⁽⁵⁾ "Now, with new improved techniques," Chavoustie says, "victims such as Admiral Boorda have been known to self-destruct on their lunch hour." (See Part 2 of this series, May/June 2000 Probe for Chavoustie's story.)

Two additional people told me Boorda could easily have been done in by one of the surefire assassination methods the Navy has finessed after 50 years of covert research and field testing. This little-known secret slipped out on July 6, 1975 with an article in the London Sunday Times, "How the U.S. Navy Brain-Trains Political Assassins." The Times quoted a speech by Navy Lt. Commander Thomas Narut to a group of 120 psychologists at a NATO conference in Oslo, Norway. Narut worked at the U.S. Regional Medical Center in Naples, Italy. He reported the Navy had been programming "hit men and assassins" who would kill on command; some subjects were drawn from the ranks of convicted murders serving time in military prisons.

The "damage control" boys soon moved in. Narut was flown to London and forevermore silenced. The Navy issued a statement in his name saying his remarks were merely "theoretical." Newspapers were told the lieutenant commander was having "personal problems." Narut's loose lips reached the U.S. only through the Chicago Sun Times (July 7, 1975). ⁽⁶⁾

Corroboration for the existence of an operational MC assassination program can be found in a declassified Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) document prepared by the U.S. Army in January 1972 (Author: J. LaMothe); Part III is titled "Mental Suggestion and Controlled Behavior." Section B elucidates how hypnosis can be used to create a multi-personality "super spy" assassin, based on the writings of psychologist and Army consultant George Estabrooks. (Part 2 of this series, May/June 2000 Probe documents the U.S. military's creation of Manchurian Candidates going back to World War II.)

A 5/26/95 article in The Herald (Glasgow), "Brainwash killers 'still in use'," contains information about a psychotronic influence system developed in the 1970s in the former Soviet Union that creates programmable "human weapons" through the use of hypnosis and high-frequency radio waves. The article warns that this system "has found its way on to the free market, where mobsters and private security firms are using it."

"Self-Initiated Execution"?

From the earliest days of the MK-Ultra program in the 1950s, the CIA has systematically searched for execution methods that could be disguised as suicide. All indications are that the macabre Doctor Deaths of the military/intelligence world have succeeded, using untraceable electro-magnetic (EM) technology to commit the "perfect crime."

In 1995 Perceptions, an independent magazine dedicated to environmental, political and health issues, published a strange and scary story titled "The Secret War Against Medford, Oregon." Author Mark Metcalf revealed a 14-year-old conversation with Dr. David Fraser, former head of the Department of Toxicology at the University of North Carolina. Now deceased, Fraser had assembled a scientific team that traveled to Oregon to investigate an alarming cluster of suicides in the City of Medford (Jackson County) in the early 1970s.

With a 1970 population of only 28,454, the city saw the number of suicides between 1970 and 1975 rise from 2 to 10; in Jackson County the number shot up from 13 to 24. Suicide rates are calculated per 100,000 population and averaged in 5-year compilations. Although the number of suicides in and around Medford do not meet the usual criteria for reliable rate calculations, turning them into rates allows comparisons. In 1975 Medford's rate of 17 per 100,000 was higher than for Oregon (15.4) and for the USA as a whole (12.4). ⁽⁷⁾

According to Metcalf, the scientists soon found that Medford was being bombarded with ultra low frequency (ULF) electromagnetic waves originating from a nearby military base. The commander of the military base told the investigators that he knew about the radiation but claimed it was caused by the Russians. However, the ULF bombardment mysteriously ceased the very next day after this confrontation. After they returned to the east but before the researchers could write up their report, Metcalf wrote, "Several men displaying CIA credentials arrived on campus and said that the ULF waves beamed into Medford were a 'national security' matter. They explicitly threatened to kill each of the researchers, including Dr. Fraser himself, should anyone speak further about it. As far as I know, no one did." ⁽⁸⁾

On April 8, 1994, popular rock star/writer Kurt Cobain (of Nirvana fame) was found dead in his own home. He appeared to have been the victim of a shotgun blast to the head three days before. A deadly dose of heroin (three times over) was found in his blood. His so-called suicide note did not indicate he was going to take his own life. Many fans believe the evidence does not prove suicide and that Cobain was more likely murdered. ⁽⁹⁾ But why?

The answer may lie in a technical document purporting to reveal secrets of National Security Agency (NSA) "psyops" (psychological operations) and systematic MC. Posted on several Web sites in 1999, it was provided by an engineer who claims he had worked as a consultant to the NSA and feared for his own safety as a whistleblower (hence the author's anonymity).

MC literature on the World Wide Web constitutes the cutting edge of serious research into radio frequency (RF) or directed-energy weapons (DEW). At the same time, one can easily find writings laden with wild, unproven charges and undocumented speculation. It is a daunting task to pluck the gems out of the confusion and purposeful disinformation, which are plentiful. ⁽¹⁰⁾ After two years of wading through bizarre personal testimonies, and filling up three file-drawers with scientific research, hundreds of periodical articles, patents, interviews, correspondence, and muckraking pieces that support the existence of powerful MC technologies, ⁽¹¹⁾ I find this particular document compelling and worthy of serious study.

Among several examples of "NSA self-initiated execution (suicide)," it claims Cobain was a casualty of brainwashing who was "terminated" for "writing clues" about his victimization into his songs. "Once the NSA puts on the highest level of brainwashing pain, the subject expires quickly," this document alleges. "Cobain used heroin to numb and otherwise slow the effect of the brainwashing." ⁽¹²⁾

Rauni Kilde, MD, former Chief Medical Officer of Finland, lectures and writes about an NSA MC system using radio implants and microchips connected to satellites that is remarkably similar to what is described in the "NSA psyops" document. "With electro-magnetic frequency (EMF) brain stimulation fully coded," she writes, "pulsating electromagnetic signals can be sent to the brain, causing the desired voice and visual effects to be experienced by the target. This is a form of electronic warfare." Kilde warns that "connecting our brain functions via microchips (or even without them, according to the latest technology) to computers via satellites...poses the gravest threat to humanity." ⁽¹³⁾

The Boorda Mystery

The Boorda mystery deepens when a whole range of facts gleaned from worldwide press coverage of his shocking death is integrated with the experiences of alleged MC experimentees. One woman told me that in March 1996 the Air Force and the Navy had finally opened investigations into her claim that she and about 500 other people were being tortured by remotely controlled, neuro-electromagnetic (NEM) or RF weapons. Bizarre stories alleging surveillance, electronic harassment and remotely controlled torture of people throughout the world are posted on many Web sites. ⁽¹⁴⁾ The amply referenced research of Cheryl Welsh, 1997 founder of Citizens Against Human Rights Abuse (CAHRA), supports many of these claims, especially "Nonconsensual Brainwave and Personality Studies by the U.S. Government," "The 1950s Secret Discovery of the Code of the Brain,"and the Russian Book Translation Project. ⁽¹⁵⁾

In an article published last year in Matrix 3000, Band 4, a German publication, Welsh writes, "Heart attacks, suicides, assassinations, blackmail, all can be done remotely leaving no trace of evidence to tie it to the perpetrators."

Blanche Chavoustie is one of a number of allegedly targeted individuals who had contact with Admiral Boorda's office shortly before he died. She points out that burial of the Navy MC investigation followed quickly upon the admiral's own interment; however the Air Force probe may still be open. ⁽¹⁶⁾

The nagging suspicion that Boorda did not willfully self-destruct is bolstered by his renowned toughness regarding media attacks on the Navy and himself. Appointed by President Clinton in 1994 to overcome the long-running legacy of the 1991 Tailhook sex scandal, Boorda soon made enemies within the military. The "old guard" considered him a "political admiral" appointed to dismantle the notoriously racist and sexist Navy culture. They were angered at decisions that halted the career advancement of high-level male personnel and supported the promotion of Navy women and ethnic minorities. ⁽¹⁷⁾

But Boorda very publicly asserted he would not fall into the trap of feeling sorry for himself. He was popular among rank and file sailors. Eulogized as a "sailor's sailor," he was the only enlisted seaman to rise to CNO in the nearly 200 years of Navy history. This made him an outsider, resented by the blue-blood admiralty. As the Guardian of London aptly put it, "Admiral Boorda was short (5 ft. 4 in.), Jewish, clever, gregarious, astute and knew his own mind. He was hardly the Platonic role-model for the man to command the most WASP-ish and hereditary of the U.S. armed services." ⁽¹⁸⁾

The admiral's body was found just after 2 p.m., about one-half hour before he was to meet with two Newsweek reporters at Navy headquarters. In the official story, Boorda abruptly went home for lunch after being informed by Rear Admiral Kendell Pease to expect accusations that he lacked authorization to wear two Vietnam-era, bronze "V" pins (decorations that signify valor in battle).

Pease later told the press that Boorda had not appeared unduly upset at the prospect of such questions and responded matter-of-factly, "We'll just tell him the truth." Boorda had already removed the tiny pins from his uniform the year before when questions were first raised about them. After lying dormant for a year, the medals issue was suddenly pushed into public view as the most plausible motivation for Boorda turning a pistol on himself. One of the two typed notes found beside Boorda's home computer was addressed "to my sailors" and said, "I couldn't bear to bring dishonor to you." ⁽¹⁹⁾

An inch-thick report by the Naval Criminal Investigative Service was inconclusive as to Boorda's motive for suicide. It cited several unnamed people who insisted the admiral was not distraught in discussing the medals query. Significantly, the autopsy report was never made public. A blacked-out version was secured by the NYT under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), lending credence to suspicions of a coverup. ⁽²⁰⁾ If the autopsy unambiguously substantiates a self-inflicted gunshot to Boorda's chest using the .38 handgun given him by his son-in-law (as reported by the media), then why keep it secret?

Boorda & "Cognitive Warfare"

The Guardian reported on May 18, 1996, there was "another cruel twist to Admiral Boorda's death" regarding a newspaper. It revealed that Boorda had finally agreed to give "his first full interview" for a series called "Bosnia: The Secret War." ⁽²¹⁾ Few Americans know of the admiral's role as advisor to President Clinton during the controversial U.S. intervention in Bosnia. From 1991 to 1994, Boorda was Commander-in-Chief of U.S. Naval Forces in Europe and Commander-in-Chief of Allied Forces in southern Europe, based in Naples, Italy. Despite "his position," Boorda had agreed to speak to the London newspaper on unspecified "highly controversial themes."

"The last years of Boorda's career were marked by his insistence that the US take a robust line and intervene militarily in the carnage of Bosnia-Herzegovina," the Guardian said. "This opinion became the admiral's anthem, and both isolated and vindicated him within a Pentagon which was stubbornly resistant to intervention." ⁽²²⁾ Could military opposition to Boorda's Guardian interview have played a role in his untimely and inexplicable death?

In October 1996 the respectable, Paris-based Intelligence Newsletter alluded to "lurid reports" that Boorda "was murdered because he was about to reveal sinister undertakings by the Navy in mind control and brain warfare." It disclosed that the admiral "was deeply involved in a study on the possibilities of cognitive warfare, a form of mind control that uses acoustical, optical and electromagnetic fields or a combination of the three to interfere with the biological processes of an enemy." ⁽²³⁾ This information provides a compelling reason to see the medals controversy as a bogus motivation for suicide. Corroboration for the existence of "cognitive warfare" can be found in New World Vistas, a 16-volume, 1996 Air Force publication. The section on "biological process control" says that it is possible "to create high fidelity speech in the human body, raising the possibility of covert suggestion and psychological direction...[making it] possible to "talk" to selected adversaries in a fashion that would be most disturbing to them." ⁽²⁴⁾

The Intelligence Newsletter reported that Boorda headed a secret body called the Strategic Studies Group investigating technologies for producing speech and "covert suggestions" in the "enemy's head." It said further, "The same techniques, say the experts, could be used to prevent voluntary muscular movements, control emotions and actions, produce sleep and interfere with short-term and long-term memory."

Could it be mere coincidence that these same biological and psychological effects had been reported by CAHRA members to Navy and AF investigators in the months preceding Boorda's sudden demise? Many alleged experimentees also say they hear artificial voices inside their heads or receive thoughts that are not their own! Did Admiral Boorda find out about nonconsensual human experimentation conducted by the Navy, raise ethical objections or even order them to cease, thereby rendering himself too dangerous to live?

Questionable "suicide" of Aussie Attache

If Boorda was "taken out" by means of MC technology that induces "suicide" by remote control, he may be the highest ranking official in recent years to have met this fate. But by no means is he the only such suspected case of murder most foul.

On June 13, 1999, in the Washington suburb of Arlington, Virginia, Mervyn Jenkins, the North American attache for the Australian Defence Intelligence Organization (DIO) was found hanged in the backyard of his home a week before the Jenkins family planned to return to Australia. Jenkins, an expert in covert action and electronic warfare, had been posted in Washington for a three-year assignment. He had been stressed by bureaucratic infighting between two Australian intelligence agencies over which documents could be shared with the CIA and the DIA. But would this happily married father of three sons take his own life on his 48^th birthday? His diary showed detailed plans for his life in Australia 10 weeks into the future.

On April 16, 2001, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's (ABC) popular investigative news show "Four Corners" probed Jenkins' mysterious "suicide," which had produced a storm of criticism in Australia, leading to a government investigation. Not satisfied with the results (the Blunn Report), Jenkins' wife filed a lawsuit against the government. Both his wife and mother appeared on the ABC broadcast, a transcript of which is posted online. ⁽²⁵⁾

Betty Daly-King believes Jenkins was murdered to prevent him returning home with knowledge that the Pentagon didn't want him to bring back to Australia. Daly-King is a Western Australia peace and human rights activist who claims she has been tortured with DEW in retaliation for 40 years of working for alternative means of resolving conflicts that lead to war. Focused on ensuring peace in the Indian Ocean region, she is responsible for peace studies professorships in two Perth universities. Daly-King cites several other cases of DEW being used to silence scientists, activists and writers, just in Western Australia alone.

According to the official story laid out by "Four Corners," Jenkins was caught in the crossfire between U.S. and Australian intelligence agencies over the issue of intelligence sharing. Daly-King believes that the conflict centered on the Indonesion repression of East Timorese who had voted for independence, with the U.S. backing the Indonesians and the Australians leaning toward the East Timorese independence fighters. Influential Australian organizations such as the Returned Servicemen's League have historically sympathized with the East Timorese because so many had risked their lives to save Australians during World War II, she explains, and people-to-people relationships have been maintained ever since. ⁽²⁶⁾

"The USA would do anything to appease Indonesia to keep access through their straits to get to and from Saudi's oil," she wrote to me. "They were not amused at Australia being in the forefront of restoring East Timor against perceived Indonesia and USA interests! All that lovely East Timor offshore oil, too."

A map of the Washington area posted on the ABC Web site is chilling in its implications. With large red dots, it visually depicts the Jenkins home in Arlington surrounded on three sides by the Pentagon, the CIA, the DIA headquartered at the Bolling Air Force Base, and the British, Canadian and Australian embassies. ⁽²⁷⁾

Mysterious Deaths in the British Defense Industry

An epidemic of unexplained deaths in England's defense industry occurred from 1982 to 1988 (totally blacked out of the "free" U.S. press). Twenty-five British computer programmers and engineers working on electronic warfare programs died in a rash of suspicious suicides, disappearances, and bizarre accidents. They were the subject of British journalist Tony Collin's 1990 book Open Verdict: An Account of 25 Mysterious Deaths in the Defence Industry. Five of these scientists were talented computer programmers who worked for Marconi Underwater Systems (a major contractor for the Reagan Administration's "Star Wars" Strategic Defense Initiative or SDI), or one of its subsidiaries. Many worked for the government or military installations directly. Britain's nuclear arsenal is submarine-based. Most of the dead programmers were working on top-secret simulator programs used in underwater submarine deception warfare. "In the majority of cases, there were no eyewitnesses and the periods before their deaths could not be explained," Collins writes ⁽²⁸⁾

Investigations began when two young men were found in Bristol, more than 100 miles from their homes, where they had no apparent connections. In 1986 Vimal Dajibhai, 24, was found under a bridge with an unexplained puncture mark on his thigh and his pants down around the ankles. A few months later Arshad Sharif, 26, alleged hanged himself by tying one end of a rope around his his neck, the other end lashed to a tree, and accelerating his car until his neck snapped. Family members interviewed by Collins said the two men were actively planning their futures and had no motive for suicide. Shortly thereafter, PhD student Avtar Singh Gita, 26, who was working on submarine warfare under a grant from the defense industry, disappeared from Loughborough University. Singh Gita's thesis was titled "Underwater Signal Processing." He was found in Paris months later, but could not recall why or how he got there. ⁽²⁹⁾

Several gifted scientists and programmers employed in other branches of the defense industry died under suspicious circumstances in 1987. Peter Peapell, 46, a simulator expert in stealth and EW, was found underneath his car with the engine running. David Sands, 37, allegedly drove at high velocity into a brick wall, after filling his car with cans of gasoline. Richard Pugh, 37, was found dead in his home with a plastic bag over his head and his feet tied. Royal Air Force computer specialist Mark Wisner, 25, was also found suffocated by a plastic bag. Dr. John Brittan, 52, was found dead in his garage with the car running; he had been a computer expert at the Royal Armaments Research and Develpment Establishment. In 1988 the body of Russell Smith, 23, who worked for the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority in Harwell, was found on a cliff. Family members of these deceased individuals indicated no motive for suicide. ⁽³⁰⁾

Tony Collins concludes that "psychological engineering" of suicidal behavior is a possible explanation for these unexplained deaths. His conclusion is based on the experience of Australian engineer and investigative journalist Joe Vialls who says he survived such macabre manipulations in 1983. Vialls had become unwittingly involved in a Cold War espionage operation while working on a sensitive oil drilling operation in India. He reports he suffered both microwave radiation and post-hypnotic suggestions implanted electronically by unknown controllers, whom he suspects were working for the CIA. Doctors who treated Vialls at the London-based Medical Foundation for the Care of Torture Victims verified that he was susceptible to clandestine hypnosis and post-hypnotic suggestions. Vialls, whose story can be found in Collins' final chapter, has published a book and many articles on suspected Manchurian Candidate-type assassinations as well as exposes of the U.S. military's Omega above- and underground communication system, which he believes has the capacity for mind control operations worldwide. ⁽³¹⁾

Europeans Reject Invisible Weapons

Warnings on the perils of electronic MC can be found in the European press. Scientists, intellectuals and government officials there have been banging the warning drums for several years about dangerous U.S. surveillance and NEM technologies. ⁽³²⁾ A 1997 editorial in the British Medical Journal alerted the healing profession to "guard against its knowledge being used for weapon development." Written by surgeon Robin M. Coupland, the editorial warned that the new category of "non-lethal" (NL) weapons, including "devices generating infrasound or electromagnetic waves, and devices for riot control," was not covered by existing international treaties banning chemical and biological weapons. ⁽³³⁾

In 1998 a neuroscientist at the Institut Pasteur in Paris cautioned that "advances in cerebral imaging" were "capable of being used at a distance" and would "open the way for abuses such as invasion of personal liberty, control of behavior and brainwashing." Another researcher at the French Atomic Energy Commission said imaging techniques have reached the stage where "we can almost read people's thoughts." ⁽³⁴⁾ In 1998 the Scientific and Technological Options Assessment (STOA) panel of the European Parliament "shocked European leaders" with its voluminous report subtitled "Appraisal of Technologies of Political Control." The CIA's mind control (MK-Ultra) program is fully referenced therein. ⁽³⁵⁾

On January 28, 1999, while Congress and the U.S. media were diddling with the impeachment of President Clinton, the European Parliament passed a resolution calling "for an international convention introducing a global ban on all developments and deployments of weapons which might enable any form of manipulation of human beings." ⁽³⁶⁾ And a 1999 UN-sponsored conference on human consciousness passed an ethics resolution urging neuroscientists to ensure their discoveries are used to serve "human welfare, never warfare." What is known as the Tokyo Declaration declares, "Today, we have the intellectual, physical and financial resources to master the power of the brain itself, and to develop devices to touch the mind and even control or erase consciousness." ⁽³⁷⁾

Secret MC technologies have already been used by U.S. armed forces in Third World interventions without any public discussion. According to Judy Wall, editor of Resonance(newsletter of the Mensa Bioelectromagnetics Special Interest Group), the EC-130E Commando Solo aircraft, built by Lockheed at a cost of $100 million each, conducts psychological operations through broadcasts "in the standard AM, FM, HF, TV and military communications bands." Wall discovered that Commando Solo is equipped with Silent Sound Spread Spectrum, a MC technology that can "entrain the listener's brainwaves into a preselected emotional state." ⁽³⁸⁾ Commando Solo aircraft were used as far back as the 1983 U.S. military intervention in Grenada, and later in Panama, Haiti, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Iraq. ⁽³⁹⁾

The British ITV News Bureau reported that this technology was used in Operation Desert Storm in 1991 to demoralize Iraqi soldiers and instill "a perpetual feeling of fear and hopelessness." ⁽⁴⁰⁾ In "Military Use of Mind Control Weapons," Wall exposes how human brainwave patterns known as "emotion signature clusters" can be stored on a computer, then piggybacked to Silent Sound carrier frequencies to "silently trigger the occurrence of the same basic emotion in another human being." Voice commands can also be used in subliminal messages attached to music. ⁽⁴¹⁾

The U.S. military's secret strategy for post-cold-war conflicts "short of war" is called "The Revolution in Military Affairs," a deceptively futuristic scenario based on an arsenal of grotesque psychotechnologies unknown to the American taxpayers who fund their development. Among the new military-speak one finds "strategic personality simulation," exactly the sort of neofascist MC that could explain the bizarre harassment stories of many hapless civilians. ⁽⁴²⁾ Readers still skeptical about the existence of MC technologies are urged to check out "The Mind has No Firewall," an article published in the Army journal Parameters (Spring 1998). ⁽⁴³⁾ Evidence of plans to incorporate mind control in future wars is as unambiguous as it is repulsive.

Constructing Thoughtforms to Order?

Former Navy engineer Eleanor White traces her victimization as an alleged involuntary NEM experimentee to the spring of 1980 when she asked the Bureau of Naval Personnel to update her service record. The harassment began later that year -- on the street, at work, and in six successive apartments, she claims. "I just thought I was the unluckiest human being on the planet, entirely unique and alone," she says, until 1996 when she found Ed Light's Mind Control Forum on the Internet. ⁽⁴⁴⁾ "The near-perfect congruence of my effects with what others were experiencing was like entering a whole new life." This sameness of "effects" is reported by hundreds of people throughout the world. Many are well-educated and hold down responsible jobs; others are physically and psychological disabled by torturous hospitalizations and years of abuse. The sheer volume of their highly literate communications convinces me that every allegation of psychological-warfare experimentation cannot be conveniently pigeon-holed as the paranoia of a disturbed person.

Eldon Byrd has been similarly persuaded. A medical engineer, Byrd is retired from the Naval Surface Weapons Center, Office of Non-Lethal Weapons. A member of the U.S. Psychotronics Association (USPA), he has published papers on the telemetry of brain waves (measuring them wirelessly from a distance), ⁽⁴⁵⁾ and the psycho-activity of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic and scalar fields. After corresponding with White and other alleged experimentees for several years, he concluded they were neither hallucinating nor allergic to ELF waves. "You have convinced me that this is something going on that should be investigated," Byrd wrote White. He affirmed that "images can be projected directly into a human brain from a distance using the 'scalar' component of a weak magnetic field." But he questioned who would be so evil as to inflict this technology on unsuspecting people? ⁽⁴⁶⁾

Lt. Col. Thomas E. Bearden, also a member of USPA, is a PhD scientist, nuclear engineer, and proponent of "the new physics," which may be crucial to understanding the MC technologies developed by the U.S. military-industrial complex. Bearden publishes SPECULA, a magazine devoted to psychotronics and bio-energetics. ⁽⁴⁷⁾ His books include The Excalibur Statement, Analysis of Scalar Electromagnetics, and Gravitobiology: A New Biophysics (Tesla Book Company). In a February 1991 interview conducted by Michael Hutchison, editor of Megabrain Report, Bearden revealed that "scalar electromagnetic phenomena" make it possible to construct "thoughtforms to order, and input them directly into the mind and longterm memory." This can be done through "a hidden channel to pipe in inputs" and it can be done "surrepticiously, from a distance and without the knowledge and consent of the individual affected," he said further. Bearden calls this "the ultimate mind control." ⁽⁴⁸⁾

On July 23, 2000, Byrd delivered a paper to the 26th annual conference of the USPA in Columbus, Ohio, titled "Recent Advances in Scalar Technologies." He told the audience that many people claiming they are victims of remote MC devices appeared to be highly functional, and that there must be something to their claims. He pointed to thousands of documented cases during the Cold War of the U.S. government experimenting on citizens without their knowledge or consent.

He then cited a July 2, 1997 statement by Major General Sydney Schacknow of the Army's Special Forces (Ft. Bragg, North Carolina) that our military was "working on synthetic telepathy (the ability to read people's intentions at a distance using a magnetic laser -- a maser operating at extremely low frequencies," which can "alter behavior at a distance." In private conversation, Byrd told one participant that Marines had been shown a device that projects images into the brain from a distance, and that a Superconductor Quantum Interference Detector or SQUID machine (a sophisticated EEG device) can detect the mysterious rays many people suspect are causing them pain. ⁽⁴⁹⁾ Byrd's paper at the 2001 USPA meeting in Columbus, Ohio, July 20-23, is titled "Mind Control: Paranoid Delusions or Frightening Reality?"

Synthetic Telepathy

"Synthetic telepathy is a term used to describe the beaming of words, thoughts, or ideas into a person's mind by mechanical means...some type of electromagnetic transmitter...operating in the microwave frequency band," begins a May, 1995 article by Judy Wall in Resonance. ⁽⁵⁰⁾ The first known U.S. experiment in which audible voices were communicated via pulsed microwaves was carried out in 1973 by Joseph C. Sharp and Mark Grove in Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in the USA. Their success was based on biophysicist Allen Frey's post-WWII experiments with "microwave hearing." ⁽⁵¹⁾

Commenting on Sharp's "pulsed microwave audiogram" in his 1985 ground-breaking book,The Body Electric, Robert O. Becker, MD, points out, "Such a device has obvious applications in covert operations designed to drive a target crazy with 'voices' or deliver undetectable instructions to a programmed assassin." He also noted, "Nearly two-thirds of the $47-billion 1984 federal research budget went for military work, and in the field of bioelectricity the proportion was even higher." In denouncing "the buying of science by the military," Becker boldly declared, "To call it a form of prostitution is an insult to the oldest profession." Becker was twice nominated for the Nobel Prize in Medicine, but his career suffered because of his condemnation of the military uses of bioelectric research. ⁽⁵²⁾

Two years ago the career of SUNY-Albany Professor Kathryn Kelley also suffered a setback because of her probes into the mysteries of MC. In August 1999 Kelley's provocative research on the surgical implantation of communications devices to read thoughts was suddenly shut down. She had delivered a paper to a professional conference in Orlando, Florida, in which she described acoustic implants in human beings called RAATS (short for radio wave, auditory, assaultive, transmitting implants). Kelley wrote, "When (short-wave) operators transmit to or scan RAAT implants in victims, they can talk to the victims remotely and anonymously, and hear the victim's speech and thoughts." ⁽⁵³⁾

"The Bionics of Man"

In 1962 Dr. Leonid L. Vasiliev, an internationally known Russian physiologist, remarked that "the discovery of the energy underlying ESP [extrasensory perception] will be equivalent to the discovery of atomic energy." ⁽⁵⁴⁾ The word "psychotronics" was actually coined by Czechoslovak researchers to legitimize parapsychology as a scientific discipline. The Czech Manifesto adopted at the 1968 Moscow Parapsychological Conference declared, "Psychotronics is, in essence, the bionics of man." ⁽⁵⁵⁾

In the 1950s Soviet researchers invented a medical device called the LIDA machine, which uses modulated ELF waves to induce a trance-like hypnosis in human beings. According to a 1993Defense Electronics article, a Richmond, Virginia company called Psychotechnologies Corporation now holds the LIDA patent, euphemistically called "psycho-correction technology." ⁽⁵⁶⁾

The Soviets were also the first to use EEG machines to catch "the moment when telepathy lights up in the brain." However, the U.S. came in a close second. In 1959 secret ESP research on the U.S. atomic sub Nautilus made headlines in France. Journalists asked the sensational question, "Has the American military learned the secret of mind power?" ⁽⁵⁷⁾ The U.S. officially denied theNautilus experiments. But Carol Rutz remembers being taken aboard this ship when she was 10 as part of a CIA MK-Ultra psychic assassination research program. Rutz reports being trained to send psychic energy to a "certain high-placed individual" to create a deadly aneurysm! ⁽⁵⁸⁾ (See Part 3 of this series, July/August 2000 Probe for secret government experimentation using children.)

To understand the progression of electronic MC technologies from the 50s through the 90s, readers will benefit from consulting two online timelines composed by Judy Wall and Cheryl Welsh, respectively; a Fact Sheet with documentation on Nonconsensual Experimentation prepared by Welsh; and a bibliography titled "Psychoactivity of Electromagnetic Fields." ⁽⁵⁹⁾

"Zero-Evidence Weapons"

"For the first time in history," Eleanor White writes, "one human being, from hiding, at a distance, can control the thoughts and actions of another, by way of undetectable hypnosis, using still-classified electronic technology. These devices have totally disabled the world's justice systems." A board member of CAHRA, White has compiled the collective research of its members into a 136-page report, "The State of Unclassified and Commercial Technology Capable of Some Electronic Mind Control Effects." ⁽⁶⁰⁾ She warns that anyone with knowhow and enough money could assemble an arsenal from ordinary (but expensive) electronic equipment and be totally immune from prosecution. "Zero-evidence weapons," she says, "make revenge crimes routine and easy." In the March 2000 issue of The American Reporter, White calls for debate and controls on all manufactured MC devices. ⁽⁶¹⁾

In the late 1980s, activists in the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp began experiencing headaches, nausea, vertigo, depression, disorientation and short-term memory loss. They were camped outside a U.S. Air Force Base in Great Britain to protest nuclear weapons and global militarization. Strong signals of non-ionizing radiation (microwave) up to 100 times the normal background level were detected there. Women peace activists in Seneca, New York, experienced similar harassment. ⁽⁶²⁾

Julianne McKinney, an ex-CIA case officer, believes she has been intentionally targeted by EM weapons. The painful harassment made her arms bleed, her gums rot and her teeth crack. In the early 1990s, she conducted an Electronic Surveillance Project, an offshoot of the Association of National Security Alumni. Her 22-page booklet, Microwave Harassment and Mind Control, published in 1992, documents many claims of NEM harassment. ⁽⁶³⁾

White has coined the term "voice-to-skull" (v2s) to describe an effect reported by hundreds of people. But White herself does not hear voices. "In my case and a few others," she says, "v2s is restricted to fake alarm clocks ringing at 3 a.m, fake phone or pager ringing, and fake bird choruses when no birds are around." In-home attacks include forced awakening and sleep deprivation, "hot needles" in the flesh, sexual stimulation, body vibrations and itching, limbs jerking wildly, and muscles manipulated remotely (vocal cords forced to produce sound against her will). White says she also suffers apartment break-ins with items stolen and clothing ripped. At work, she has experienced mind-blanking attacks and inexplicable computer malfunctions. Although she acknowledges that "the actual weapons now in use are tightly classified," she discovered through years of research that "the primitive weapons leading up to the current crop are mostly unclassified and some are even commercially available." ⁽⁶⁴⁾

White's Web site, http://www.raven1.net, contains a storehouse of credible research on government-sponsored MC experiments and technologies. It is a magnet that draws in people from all over the world searching for answers to the weird bio-electric phemonena experienced in their own bodies, homes, and communities. Thanks to White's e-mail exchange depot, I have corresponded with many highly articulate people from all walks of life, and have interviewed some by telephone. For example, I have learned of several cases where people discovered through x-rays or MRIs that family members had been implanted with biochips during minor surgery, without their knowledge or consent.
Biochips, now the size of an uncooked grain of rice, are easily implantable for beneficial uses as well as for surrepticious political control. Applied Digital Solutions is now testing and marketing its "Digital Angel" technology, a biochip that makes possible the tracking of people using Global Positioning Satellites. ⁽⁶⁵⁾ British Professor Kevin Warwick and his wife are being implanted with biochips to test whether they can read each other's thoughts when separated by distance. ⁽⁶⁶⁾

DSM-IV: Diagnosis or Coverup?

CAHRA members complain about the knee-jerk reactions of U.S. physicians (especially psychiatrists) to their suffering. Some have had bouts with hospitalization where they were subjected to forced drugging and electroshock. Many fear sharing their torments with family and friends lest they be labeled "paranoid schizophrenic" because they hear voices, suspect they are under some kind of surveillance, or suffer debilitating bio-electric attacks.

Many alleged experimentees felt somewhat vindicated, however, when they read the opening words of a 1997 NYT Magazine cover story, "For decades, those who claimed to be victims of clandestine radiation experiments conducted by the United States Government were dismissed as paranoid." ⁽⁶⁷⁾ The Clinton Administration exposes on radiation experimentation using thousands of unsuspecting North Americans opened the door for alleged MC experimentees to speak publicly about their claims.

The first three parts of this series have documented how past leaders of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) were secretly involved in military/CIA MC research using nonconsensual human subjects, especially women and children in their care. Is it happenstance or coverup that many reported symptoms of NEM weapons have been written into the diagnostic categories published in the APA's Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV (DSM IV)?

One DSM IV criterion of "schizotypal personality disorder" is "belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or 'sixth sense.' Under such a sweeping definition, the entire cabal of military/intelligence psychic experimenters (including privatized, Pentagon-funded outfits like Psi Tech) could be labeled "schizophrenic" for indulging in "remote viewing" (ESP) research for decades! ⁽⁶⁸⁾ Significantly, a History Channel offering called "Psychic Espionage," aired in September 2001, never ridiculed or cast "mental illness" aspersions on any of the male scientists and CIA Stargate functionaries who were interviewed.

Rauni Kilde believes that "psychiatrists working for U.S. intelligence agencies no doubt participated in writing and revising" what has become a worldwide psychiatrists' bible. "Victims of mind control experimentation are thus routinely diagnosed, knee-jerk fashion, as mentally ill by doctors who learned the DSM "symptom" list in medical school," she says. ⁽⁶⁹⁾

N. Renay Tanner suggests that people who suspect they are targeted by electronic MC seek legal remedies and medical assistance through human rights organizations rather than the medical profession. A Columbia University graduate student focused on psychiatry and human rights, Tanner is also United Nations liaison for Support Coalition International, a human rights organization devoted to eliminating abuses by the mental-health industry. Tanner believes the mental health system functions for the purpose of social control top-down and that "ideologically driven" psychiatrists who cannot admit to any evidence of fallibility will not help ameliorate the stresses and trauma of nonconsensual experimentation.

Security Agency "Cutouts"?

CAHRA leaders bristle at suggestions that their pain may be caused by some condition other than purposeful manipulation by government-funded operators. They justifiably point to the MK-Ultra program and the thousands of documented cases of nonconsensual experimentation. ⁽⁷⁰⁾ Still, most people offer no independent corroboration for their claims other than pointing out symptoms in common with other alleged victims and research proving that anti-personnel, directed-energy weapons do indeed exist.

One has to be skeptical of unscientific, long-distance evaluations of individuals based solely on uncorroborated verbal reports, often communicated via the anonymity of e-mail. After all, many known physical ailments such as electrical sensitivity and fibromyalgia could produce similiar symptoms in different people. ⁽⁷¹⁾ Some painful effects may also be due to allergic reactions and EM pollution. Any number of people who corroborate each other's symptoms could be suffering from what a recent New York Times magazine article called "culturally specific" mental illness. ⁽⁷²⁾ With suspicion about unethical government-financed experimentation more the rule than the exception, and widespread computer networking by people searching for answers to their problems, the stage is set for an epidemic of self-diagnosed victims. How does one separate out genuine experimentees from people whose symptoms may have physical or emotional causes not connected with MC at all?

Some claims appear have more merit than others. And a few people have named their perpetrators as connected to private security services, Air Force personnel, or huge military contractors such as Raytheon (likely involved in producing some of these weapons). For example, Pat Mougey's tormentors appear to be recruited by a security agency located on the street where she lives. She reports some harassers let her know she is under surveillance. ⁽⁷³⁾ She believes they use commercially available, through-the-wall radar to tape everything that goes on in the privacy of her own home. ⁽⁷⁴⁾ Mougey says she even saw herself through a window on the television screen in the house next door. I was skeptical about this until I saw NSA high-tech surveillance gadgetry on display in the Hollywood movie, "Enemy of the State." A private detective knowledgeable in surveillance devices confirmed that such gadgetry does exist in the real world and not just in the imaginations of Hollywood writers.

"They have a device to control every part of the body, including the throat," says Mougey. "I have been in the ER more than once because my throat was closed up and I could not breathe." I became convinced there may be truth in Mougey's claims by reading a 1987 report on the Attorney General's Conference on Less Than Lethal Weapons. It revealed that "scientific knowledge of human physiology is progressing to the point where it may soon be possible to target specific systems with specific frequencies of electromagnetic radiation...sustained, extremely low frequency (ELF) radiation [that] can produce nausea or disorientation..." ⁽⁷⁵⁾

But so long as human experimentation in weapons development remains subject to "national security" restrictions, it is impossible to know for sure whether specific individuals are experimentees in government or privatized operations. We do know, however, that our government spent millions on electronic MC research. One hundred thirty boxes (130 cubic feet) of classified documents on "behavioral experiments" the CIA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) were located in 1978. They were found after John Marks (author of The Search for the 'Manchurian Candidate') requested ORD files "on behavioral research, including...activities related to bio-electrics, electric or radio stimulation of the brain, electronic destruction of memory, stereotaxic surgery, psychosurgery, hypnotism, parapsychology, radiation, microwaves and ultrasonics." ⁽⁷⁶⁾

Rogue Scientific Groups

As I delved more into the scientific end of MC research, I became more convinced that the U.S. military/industrial complex probably has remote-control technology that can produce the torture Mougey and others so vividly describe. A 1999 article by engineer Tom Bearden, "Mind Control and EM Wave Polarization Transductions," corroborates my feeling:

"...rogue groups amongst Western clandestine mind control researchers will probably arise if they have not already done so. They will likely seek to increase their personal control and further isolate the programs from orthodox government review and from government and legislative control. They may even divert the research into highly illegal and unethical means, because it furthers their own rogue agendas. That is how clandestine U.S. government research can sometimes go sour, unless great care is exercised by the oversight committees in the House and the Senate.

Sometimes when rogue groups do gain control and total secrecy of a given new technological area, then what appears to be "U.S. government operations" do start to encompass a criminal and unethical operations [sic], hidden usually beneath the deep veil of high classification. Also, if it's "scientific," no one is ever brought to justice, even if the "evil science actions" are uncovered and publicly revealed." ⁽⁷⁷⁾

Those who doubt the existence of classified MC technology can draw their own conclusions from several official responses to requests for information on NEM weapons research. Margo Cherney received a letter from the Air Force in 1999 in response to her request for material on a 1970s Air Force project called "Communicating via the Microwave Auditory Effect." In denying her request to declassify this material, the letter said "unauthorized dislosure of the requested information could reasonably be expected to cause damage to national security." ⁽⁷⁸⁾ Eleanor White received a letter from a member of the New York Assembly in 1998 that said, "Unfortunately, information concerning what was referenced in your letter is highly classified, and I am not at liberty to divulge such information to the general public." ⁽⁷⁹⁾

In April 2000, White was able to discover a U.S. Navy contract for Ultrasonic Acoustic Heterodyning Technology with American Technology Corporation. According to the company's own publicity, hypersonic sound technology "can target selected individuals in a group or in a noisy environment and deliver audio to that person." ⁽⁸⁰⁾ This technology makes possible some of the sound effects White and others experience.

For several years CAHRA founder Cheryl Welsh has been trying to organize a study of 500 alleged experimentees that would include medical and psychiatric evaluations. Many in the CAHRA network are very fearful of doctors because they have experienced terrible abuse in the medical system. Welsh has struggled to convince them to join the study as she diligently networks with EM victims in other countries and raises money to insure the scientific viability of what would become a ground breaking study. People whose symptoms have other causes need to be properly diagnosed and treated. Pretenders and disinformation purveyors among the hundreds of people alleging EM targeting need to be exposed -- either by their refusal to participate in the study or by the objective evaluations of scientific and medical investigators. ⁽⁸¹⁾

Civilians Become "the Enemy"

Many CAHRA members report that their complaints to local police have not gotten serious attention. In some cases this could be explained by collusion between local law enforcement and federal authorities testing NL weapons and surveillance systems in the community. Crusading Alaskan environmentalist Nick Begich reports a secret agreement between the Department of Defense and the Department of Justice to transfer NL weapons to local law enforcement through the National Institute of Justice. ⁽⁸²⁾

Like an international Paul Revere, Begich has been circling the globe clanging alarm bells to stimulate public debate on civilian control of the military in the post-cold-war era:

"The weaving together of Department of Defense missions with civilian Department of Justice missions is unprecedented. Not since the civil war has the military machinery...been turned against United States citizens...This raises serious questions regarding use of our Department of Defense for domestic police actions, which may be a violation of constitutional law by being in conflict with the narrowly-defined federal use of the military 'for the national defense." ⁽⁸³⁾

How did civilians become "the enemy" in peacetime? In a 5/12/99 interview on ABC News, USPA member Lt. Col. John B. Alexander was asked if he saw any domestic applications for NL weapons. "Absolutely," he answered. "In the U.S. today, we have a very large disenfranchised population. The potential for civil disorder is quite high, in my estimation. This is an area in which non-lethal weapons can play a vital role in restoring order, protecting lives and property..."

Alexander directed the Non-Lethal Weapons Laboratory at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the 1980s. He is the same knowledgeable military man who wrote way back in December 1980 that "there are weapons systems that operate on the power of the mind and whose lethal capacity has already been demonstrated....The psychotronic weapon would be silent, difficult to detect, and would require only a human operator as a power source." ⁽⁸⁴⁾

Without any any public review process, a joint policy for NL weapons was adopted in 1995. Highest priority was given to developing unspecified technologies "most likely get dual use, i.e., law enforcement and military applications." ⁽⁸⁵⁾ A 1994 draft of the government's NL policy authorized use of nonlethal weapons by our military in support of domestic law enforcement. It chillingly replaced the Cold War concept of an external "enemy" (requiring stringent national-security regulations) with the relatively benign term "adversary," which could apply to anyone, domestic or foreign. "Adversary is used above in its broadest sense," this document says, "including those who are not declared enemies but who are engaged in activities we wish to stop." ⁽⁸⁶⁾

The confluence of NL and high-tech electronic weaponry can be gleaned from what little is available in the media. The July 7, 1997 issue of U.S. News and World Report reported that the Air Force alone plans to spend more than $100 million by 2003 to research the "bioeffects" of what it called "exotic" anti-personnel, NL weapons. The ghastly technologies acknowledged in this article include blinding lasers (considered, but rejected for use in Somalia), acoustic or sonic weapons modeled after the Nazi's "vortex" technology (causing nausea, "pain, spasms or even death"), RF weapons that induce epileptic seizures, "undetectable" VLF devices that cause flulike symptoms, nausea and weakness, and "tunable" microwave weapons that can "cook the enemy." ⁽⁸⁷⁾

In March 2001, the Pentagon went public with a portable people zapper euphemistically called an "Active Denial System." Developed by Ratheon Corporation and other Pentagon contractors for crowd dispersal, this so-called NL weapon "could cook a person's eyeballs" if the operator so desired. ⁽⁸⁸⁾ To its credit, CBS News interspersed footage of huge anti-Vietnam War demonstrations involving hundreds of thousands of Americans in its announcement of this weapon. Comic strip character Pogo's astute and much quoted observation, "We have seen the enemy and they is us" was never more applicable.

"It's war, Jim, but not as we know it," in the 8/3/97 issue of The Scotsman, offers the following intriguing sentence: "Progress on laser and acoustic technology has been rapid...and a number of weapons are now off the design board and are being tested in secret."

Taxpayers footing the bill for this research have the right to ask: On whom are these weapons being tested and are the subjects protected under the Nuremberg Code, international laws and presidential executive orders? ⁽⁸⁹⁾ Eleanor White appropriately points out, "No government agency will admit to being charged with ethical protection of military and other government classified human test subjects." Could criminal, free-lance experimentation be conducted by private enterpreneurs with security clearance and on-the-job knowledge of how these weapons work?

In 1999 USA Today lifted the veil on a secret administrative court that grants security clearances to employees of defense contractors. "Felons gain access to the nation's secrets" was its provocative headline. "Tens of thousands of military and contractor personnel are cleared each year," it reported. In its study of 1500 decisions by the Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals, the newspaper found clearances were routinely bestowed on drug users, kidnappers, pedophiles, murders, exhibitionists and other convicted sex offenders, chronic liars, and people with histories of violence and/or convictions for criminal fraud involving millions of dollars. ⁽⁹⁰⁾

Psyops Field Testing on Civilians?

Eleanor White believes the most bizarre harassment she experiences amounts to psychological warfare. The unknown perpetrators, she says, occupy a "shadow government" that includes some of the country's biggest defense contractors and their intelligence operatives. "They are behavior science-oriented," she explains, "in creating severe stress to test our limits." She believes the perpetrators could be retired MK-Ultra employees "who set up shop in private industry away from congressional scrutiny," their paid agents from private security outfits, or even criminal groups who have secured the technology on the military black market. "The original MK-Ultra military/intelligence experimenters were forced to share with the corporate world," she says, "and the sharing has now quite a few branches."

In 1992, the first George Bush Administration added a little-known regulation to its National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual that reads, "Cover stories may be established for unacknowledged programs in order to protect the integrity of the program from individuals who do not have a need to know. Cover stories must be believable and cannot reveal any information regarding the true nature of the contract. Cover stories for Special Access Programs must have the approval of the PSO [Program Security Officer] prior to dissemination." ⁽⁹¹⁾ This provision is quite alarming. It means that unscrupulous "experimenters," hired by private companies with Pentagon connections, have a green light to "lie by the book." They can easily cover up the abuse of innocent people without any accountability to elected civilian authorities.

"There is no punishment for rogue scientific groups," writes Bearden. "Shockingly, the U.S. government at the highest level has shown...that mass crimes against U.S. civilians, perpetrated by portions of the U.S. scientific community in direct conspiracy and in secret, will likely be condoned. The perpetrators will not be indicted, tried, or convicted." (Emphasis in the original)

He says further that:

"...in the "Big Science community, there can be and there are rogue groups. Lots of them. There is deep cover, deep classification. And there is very probably advanced mind control research and testing, be it legal or illegal. Hopefully, most of it is legal and constrained. However, some of it is almost certain to be illegal and ill constrained." ⁽⁹²⁾

As news of this series disseminated throughout the MC survivor network, academics and independent MC researchers phoned or wrote to offer useful information gleaned from their own research. One such source is a doctoral student in physics whose interest in neuroscience spans the last decade. I will call him Smith as he does not want his real name used.
Smith believes that covert field testing of NEM weapons is combined with classic surveillance techniques perfected during the Cold War. He directed me to a "spy/counterspy" Web site dissecting FBI methods used to create fear, passivity and immobilization. ⁽⁹³⁾ They include constant harassment to build up stress, total discrediting of his/her experiences by driving the target "crazy," then labeling the target as a "paranoid schizophrenic." The intended outcome of this treatment is depression, withdrawal and the target's acquiescence in being controlled. Smith cites the "learned helplessness model" of Martin Seligman, as the operant conditioning used by MC experimenters whose identity is protected in "black" programs. ⁽⁹⁴⁾

Smith suggests that some alleged experimentees are being used as the "prototypes" of a new controlled life, victims of a psychological warfare operation aimed, not at a foreign "enemy," but at our own citizenry. "Operatives get to train their mind-control and harassment techniques on live prey," he continued, "without fear of adverse consequences from a bungled operation."

He points out that some alleged experimentees, particularly women, are the "ideal candidates" for this kind of operation:

"They live alone, are highly verbal (the more associative one is, the easier it would no doubt be to drive her crazy), individualistic, don't have good family relations, and have obedient relatives, often with connections to the security services. It is easy for federal operatives with top-secret security clearances to paint these people as lunatics in order to be able to torture them with America's tax dollars. Indeed, after the cold war ended, there was a vacuum for surveillance operatives who needed to be doing something useful in order to justify their vast funding. What could be more desirable from a federal operative's point of view than to torture in absolute safety and secrecy a few unfortunate "freaks" with the very latest in black-budget technology?" ⁽⁹⁵⁾

Assassination Mysteries and Mind Control

Remote viewer David Morehouse exposed the existence of the CIA's Stargate "remote viewing" program in his 1996 book Psychic Warrior. ⁽⁹⁶⁾ He revealed that Stargate was a Special Access Program (SAP), which requires the highest level of security clearance for Sensitive Compartmentalized Information. ⁽⁹⁷⁾ NEM technologies would come under the government's NL research apparatus and are probably categorized as SAPs. Morehouse was persecuted as a whistleblower, including involuntary hospitalization and severe psychiatric abuse. The public campaign to discredit him was led by none other than John Alexander, the "father" of NL weapons. ⁽⁹⁸⁾

Interestingly, Morehouse also told attorney William Pepper that a sniper team of low-level CIA operatives in the U.S. Special Forces was responsible for the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968. ⁽⁹⁹⁾ Earlier installments of this series have touched on how mind control might have been the secret weapon used to commit and cover up the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy and Dr. King. A most provocative and easily accessible article that links MC with these crimes (as well as the assassination of John Lennon and the mass murders in Jonestown, Guyana) was written by Curt Rowlett. It is titled "Project MKULTRA: Did the U.S. Government Actually Create Programmed Assassins?" ⁽¹⁰⁰⁾

Was Admiral Boorda -- like the Kennedy brothers and Dr. King -- just the latest political "adversary" marked for extinction by undemocratic shadow institutions operating above and beyond the law?

More than 25 years ago, Senator Frank Church foresaw an abyss of no return. Today Thomas Bearden, a military man who most probably has seen the best and worst of human beings, warns that unregulated MC technology could be the undoing of our civilization:

"Human beings are still human beings. All the good and evil is still there, regardless of the group. The stage settings change, but the cast of characters and the play never change.

It's sad, but 'twas ever thus. Hidden parts of our own governments -- and other governments throughout the world -- are no different from the old medieval groups, where nobles etc. were always plotting against the king, or using the king's power for their own nefarious end. The rogue groups today are no different from all the scheming and conniving groups that destroyed the Roman Empire. Great empires fall from within, not usually from without!" ⁽¹⁰¹⁾ (emphasis in original)

July 2001

Endnotes

1. NBC, "Meet the Press," 8/17/75 transcript. Quoted in Bamford, J., The Puzzle Palace, Houghton-Mifflin, 1982, p. 379. In 1975 Church headed the Senate Intelligence Committee that exposed many unlawful practices of the intelligence community, including MK-Ultra.

2. "Navy colleagues believe Boorda could have survived scrutiny," CNN, 5/17/96.

3. 5/23/96 posting of Linda Grant De Pauw to "Women and the Military": http: http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~minerva/archives/threads/temp/boorda.html . According to family and friends, Boorda did not exhibit any of the military's suicide warning signs: http://www.dtic.mil/afosi/news/1999_suicide.html .

4. USA Today, 11/25/96.

5. The CIA Papers: Bluebird, Artichoke, MK-Ultra. Volume 1 (pp. 126-129). Twenty thousand MK-Ultra documents are available for purchase on three CD-ROMs from the CIA under the Freedom of Information Act for $30.

6. Scheflin, A. & Opton, Jr., E.M., The Mind Manipulators. (Paddington Press, 1978), p. 470; Harry V. Martin & David Caul "The CIA and the Mafia Mind Control" ( http://www.visitations.com/mindcontrol/Hist-Mind.html ; see also London Times, July 13, 1975.

7. I consulted John L. McIntosh, PhD, chair of the Department of Psychology at Indiana University South Bend. McIntosh, past president of the American Association of Suicidology, who retrieved the suicide numbers and rates for Medford City and Jackson County for 1968 through 1995. Medford ranked 9^th highest in the country in 1995.

8. Metcalf, Mark, "The secret war against Medford, Oregon." Posted at: http://www.diac.com/~ekwall2/info/t0001.shtm .

9. http://www.globalserve.net/~artnet/musicnet.htm ; http://www.globalserve.net/~artnet/dmdpt97f.html ; http://www.ethanrussell.com/_erdw/000006df.htm

10. For information on U.S. intelligence "cover and deception" programs, see the Federation of American Scientists' Secrecy and Government Bulletin # 34, http://www.fas.org/. See also Army document on Psychological Operations: http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/army/docs/st100-3/c5/5sect9.htm .

11. See list of MC patents: http://www.trufax.org/menu/patents.html , and several lists of books, articles and links on Electromagnetic Mind Control: http://mindcontrolforums.com/MCF/booklist.htm and http://www.raven1.net/nancbk3.htm

12. http://www.angelfire.com/electronic/mindcontrol/Abemarf_part_1.htm

13. Kilde, "Microchip Implants, Mind Control and Cybernetics," SPEKULA (3^rd Quarter, 1999). SPEKULA is published by medical students and doctors in Northern Finland. Posted at: http://www.raven1.net/kilde2.htm.

14. http://mindcontrolforums.com/MCF/victm-hm.htm;; http://www.dcn.davis.ca.us/~welsh/ginter.htm; http://www.konformist.com/1998/voices.htm; Soviets organize against Psychotronic Weapons: http://mindcontrolforums.com/MCF/welshsov.htm

15. Nonconsensual Brainwaves: http://www.dcn.davis.ca.us/~welsh/brn-stdy.htm; Code of the Brain: http://www.dcn.davis.ca.us/~welsh/book.htm ; Electromagnetic Radiation (emr) Weapons: http://www.dcn.davis.ca.us/~welsh/emr13.htm; Russian Book Translation Project: http://www.dcn.davis.ca.us/~welsh/russian.htm

16. My source provided a copy of the AF letter opening an investigation; she destroyed a similar letter from the Navy after Boorda's death.

17. Boyer, Peter J., "Admiral Boorda's War," New Yorker, 9/16/96, pp. 68-86; Kotz, Nick,Washingtonian Magazine, December 1996; USA Today, 11/25/96; Daily Telegraph (London), 11/26/96; "Bits of metal carry a weighty message." Philadelphia Inquirer, 5/18/96, p. A1.

18. Rabinowitz, Dorothy, "Playing for the airwaves," Wall Street Journal, 6/10/96, p. A16; "Leader from the front: Obituary: Admiral Jeremy Boorda," Guardian, May 18, 1996, p. 32.

19. "Details of top admiral's suicide note disclosed," LA Times, 11/25/96, p. A10. The second note, addressed to Boorda's wife, has never been released. According to Joe Trento, bureau chief of the National Security News Service, one of the notes was "typed and dated" the day before the admiral's death. He interpreted this as evidence Boorda's suicide may have been caused by other issues than the meeting with Newsweek reporters. However, a typed, predated note could also be viewed as a forgery that was part of a murder coverup. See Washington Post, 6/8/96, p. A13.

20. "Navy Report Omits Suicide Notes," NYT, 11/2/96

21. This 6-part Guardian series, critical of U.S. policy in Bosnia, began 1/17/96 and ended 5/21/96.

22. Guardian, 5/18/96

23. "Getting Inside the Enemy's Head," Intelligence Newsletter No. 296, 10/3/96 (published by Indigo Publications of France, http://www.indigo-net.com, and indexed in Lexis-Nexis).

24. Excerpt from New World Vistas: Air and Space Power for the 21st Century, 1996, Ancillary Volume, section on "biological process control": http://mindcontrolforums.com/MCF/usafbiol.htm. See also "U.S. Air Force looks to the battlefields of the future," Microwave News, Jan./Feb. 1997, p. 14.

25. http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/"Australian Aide Under Probe Dead in Apparent Suicide", Washington Post, 6/17/99. Transcript of "Caught in the Crossfire": http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/s276564.htm

26. Background on the U.S./Australia military alliance can be found in two books by Desmond Ball, A Suitable Piece of Real Estate: American Intelligence in Australia (Sydney, Hale & Iremonger, 1980) and Richelson, J.T. & Ball, D., The Ties That Bind: Intelligence Cooperation Between UKUSA Countries -- the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand (Allen & Unwin, 1985); details about Indonesia's intervention in East Timor can be found in William Blum's Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II (Common Courage Press, 1995).

27. Map: http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/mervjenkins/map/map.htm

28. Collins, OpenVerdict (Sphere Books, 1990), p. 244.

29. "Demand government explanation of deaths, disappearance," AP, 3/19/87; "Defence Scientists Mystery Deepens," Financial Times (London), 4/3/87.

30. "Open verdict on satellite scientist's car crash," Guardian (London), 4/23/87; "Mystery of the dead scientists: Coincidence or conspiracy?," AP, 2/6/88; "Britain baffled by deaths of 10 scientists involved in security," AP, 4/10/88; "Computer magazine says scientists' deaths don't add up," AP, 4/13/88; "Scientists' deaths 'not a plot'," Daily Telegraph, 2/13/89.

31. Vialls, Joe, Deadly Deception at Port Arthur, 2000: http://www.nutech2000.com.au/prod8.htm ; "The Port Arthur Massacre" (Tasmania): http://www.vialls.homestead.com/ ; "The 'Perfect' CIA Assassination," New Dawn magazine, 1994 special edition: http://www.newdawnmagazine.com/Articles/'Perfect'%20CIA%20Assassination.html (see also " 'U.S. involved' in death of WPC at Libyan Embassy, Guardian (London), 4/9/96); "Tesla's Electromagnetic Pyramids," 9/98: http://c3i.homestead.com/omega1.html

32. e.g., "Hidden messages: The use of subliminal texts in music," Financial Times (London), 3/30/95; "Hong Kong academic sues U.S. government for 'mind control,'" Agence France Press, 1/25/96; "Ban microwave and acoustic weapons: Statement by International Committee of the Red Cross," Reuters, 5/30/96; "Communicating with Thought Power" (bionic brain implants), BBC News, 10/15/98; ""And the Voice said..." (Voice-of-God psyops), New Scientist, 12/25/99-1/1/00

33. " 'Non-lethal' weapons: Precipitating a new arms race," Brit. Med. J., Vol. 315 (7/12/97).

34. Butler, Declan, "Advances in neuroscience 'may threaten human rights,'" Nature, 391, 1/22/98, p. 316.

35. STOA report "An Appraisal of Technologies of Political Control," is posted at. http://www.uhuh.com/laws/europar3.htm

36. The "Resolution on the Environment, Security and Foreign Policy," #27: http://www.europarl.eu.int/plenary/default_en.htm?redirected=1 (search by date).

37. 1999 Tokyo Declaration: http://www.ndsu.ac.jp/~tokyo99/declartation.htm

38. Wall, Judy, "Military Use of Mind Control Weapons," Nexus magazine (Australia), October/November, 1998.http://mindcontrolforums.com/MCF/military.htm.

39. Wall, Judy, "Aerial Mind Control: A Threat to Civil Liberties," Nexus magazine, October/November 1999. http://www.raven1.net/commsolo.htm. See also http://www.sightings.com/politics5/mindcontrols.htm.

40. "High tech psychological warfare arrives in the Middle East," British ITV, 3/23/91:http://www.raven1.net/silsound.htm

41. Wall, op. cit., "Military Use of Mind Control Weapons."

42. Metz, Steven & Kievit, James, The Revolution in Military Affairs and Conflict Short of War, Strategic Studies Insitute, U.S. Army War College, July 25, 1994. Cited in Babacek, Mojmir, "The Psycho-electronic Threat to Democracy: The Secret Arms Race," http://mindcontrolforums.com/MCF/babdoc.htm.

43. http://call.army.mil/fmso/fmsopubs/issues/firewall.htm. See also Bryce, Susan, "21st Century Warriers," New Dawn, #59 (March-April 2000) http://www.newdawnmagazine.com).

44. http://www.mindcontrolforums.com/

45. "Telemetry is coming of age," by Dean C. Jutter, Wen H. Ko, & Thomas M. Spear, extract from Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, March 1983: http://www.raven1.net/telem1.htm.

46. Eleanor White correspondence, August 2000

47. Bowart, W.H. & Sutton, Richard, "The Invisible Third World War": http://www.davidicke.net/emagazine/vol21/research/wwar.html

48. http://www.cheniere.org/misc/interview1991.htm

49. Dr. Byrd's comments were privately communicated by a conference participant who does not want to be named. Contact http://www.psychotronics.org/ to order proceedings of meetings.

50. "Synthetic Telepathy": http://www.logicsouth.com/~lcoble/conspire/syn.txt.

51. Brodeur, Paul, The Zapping of America: Microwaves, Their Deadly Risk, and the Cover-up, Norton, 1977, pp. 295-296; Becker, Robert O. & Selden, Gary, The Body Electric: Electromagmetism and the Foundation of Life, Morrow, 1985, pp. 319. See also Possony, Stefan T., "Psy-War: Soviet Device Experiments," Defense and Foreign Affairs Daily, 6/7/83. Microwave hearing is documented in Lin, J.C., "The Microwave Auditory Phenomenon," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 68, January 1980, pp. 67-73 and "The future battlefield: a blast of gigawatts?, IEEE Spectrum, March 1988, pp. 54.

52. Becker, ibid., Chapter 15 and postscript, pp. 319, 333.

53. "Human Brain Implant Research Suspended at Major University," Albany Times Union, August 25, 1999.

54. Ostrander, Sheila & Schroeder, Lynn, Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain (1st ed.) (Prentice-Hall, 1970), p. 7. The second edition, with six additional chapters, was published in 1997 by Marlow & Co. See the video "Soviet KGB Paranormal Files," broadcast on the Fox Family cable channel in 1999, for elaboration of Soviet breakthroughs in MC over 50 years.

55. Ostrander, Ibid., p. 387-388.

56. Defense Electronics: http://www.waco93.com/defenseelectronics.htm ;Virginia Mind Control: http://www.datafilter.com/mc/newsweek_Nonlethal.html

57. Ostrander, op. cit., pp. 6, 21. The LIDA is patented in the U.S. (#3,773,049). See a partial transcript of a CNN Special Assignment (1985) video on Russian RF weapons: http://mindcontrolforums.com/MCF/cnn-mc.htm. U.S. declassified documents on 1995 Russian TV show about mind control devices: http://www.raven1.net/russ.htm ; Russian Machine That Tranquilizes People: http://www.raven1.net/lida.htm . CAHRA is sponsoring a translation of the 1999 Russian book, Psychotronic War and the Security of Russia by V.N. Lopatin and V.D. Tsygankov: http://www.calweb.com/~welsh/rustrans.htm .

58. Personal correspondence; see Carol Rutz's Web site: http://www2.dmci.net/users/casey/ . Her book, A Nation Betrayed: Secret Cold War Experiments Performed on Our Children and Other Innocent People will be available in 2001. Another recent book by child survivors of the MK-Ultra program is Secret Weapons: Two Sisters' Terrifying Story by Cheryl and Lynn Hersha (with Dale Griffis and Ted Schwarz), 2000.

59. Timelines by Wall ( http://www.raven1.net/jwalltil.htm ) and Welsh ( http://www.dcn.davis.ca.us/~welsh/timeline.htm) Fact Sheet: http://www.dcn.davis.ca.us/~welsh/factsht.htm . Bibliography by Robert C. Beck and Eldon A. Byrd: http://www.vxm.com/bib.doc.htm . See also Jason Jeffrey, "Electronic Mind Control: Brain Zapping," New Dawn magazine (Australia), Parts 1 and 2, #59 (April/May 2000) and #60 (May/June 2000): http://www.newdawnmagazine.com/current.html .

60. March 30, 2000. http://raven1.net./uncom.htm . White's subject44 index catalogs the latest MC research: http://www.raven1.net/ravsubjx.htm . See http://www.raven1.net/public1.htm for a diagram depicting how an early version of the technology might work.

61. "New Devices that 'talk' to minds need debate, controls." http://www.raven1.net/amrep1.htm.

62. Keeler, Anna, "Remote Mind Control Technology," In Keith, Jim (ed.). Secret and Suppressed: Banned Ideas and Hidden History, Feral House, 1993. Posted at http://www.spunk.org/library/altern/pub/keith/sp000435.txt; Bolman, Betsy, "The 'Zapping' of Greenham and Seneca," Peace and Freedom, January/February 1989 (monthly publication of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom available at the Swarthmore College library).

63. McKinney's story can be found in The Whistleblowers, edited by Elizabeth Russell Manning and Cheryl Welsh, Greensward Press, P.O. Box 640472, San Francisco, CA 94109 ($30.00). See also http://www.webcom.com/~pinknoiz/coldwar/microwave.html and McKinney, "The Classic Mind Control Operation Revealed," http://www.profreedom.free4all.co.uk/classic_mind_control.html/ .

64. Results of White's survey of MC effects are posted at http://www.raven1.net/emresul2.htm. See surveillance devices available for sale in catalogs of Information Unlimited, http://www.amazing1.com/, "and Consumertronics Online Catalog, http://www.tsc-global.com/consumer.html .

65. Update: Applied Digital Solutions, 7/31/00: http://www.digitalangel.net/pr_7_31_00.htm; Cox News Service, 12/27/99: http://www.stockhelp.net/star/html .

66. Update: "Cyborg professor," Straits Times, 7/27/00, http://straightstimes.asia1.com.sg/singapore/sin16_0727.html ; "New Tech Joins Brains, Computers," Discovery News, 5/25/01, http://dsc.discovery.com/news/briefs/20010521/flight.htm

67. "Atomic Guinea Pigs," NYT, 8/31/97. p. 38.

68. APA, Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, Chapter 23, Table 23-2. Psi Tech: http://www.psitech.net/index.htm . See also, Paranormal Management Systems, http://www.fastnet.co.uk/pms/info.html. For a biting critique of the unscientific evolution of this manual, its sexist nature, and the corrupting influence of huge drug companies on the psychiatric profession, see Paula J. Caplan, They Say You're Crazy, Addison-Wesley, 1995.

69. Kilde, op. cit., Endnote #13.

70. "A History of Secret Human Experimentation: http://www.healthnewsnet.com/humanexperiments.html

71. Electrosensitivity: http://www.powerwatch.org.uk/gen/sensitiv.htm. Fibromyalgia: http://www.futureone.com/~hunter/fms.htm and http://www.nih/gov/niams/healthinfo/fibrofs.htm

72. Osborne, Lawrence, "Regional Disturbances," NYT, 5/6/01, p. 98.

73. Mougey's story is posted: http://mindcontrolforums.com/MCF/mcf1.htm#Mougey .

74. Through-the-wall devices are based on "millimeter wave" technology: http://www.millivision.com .

75. Sherri Sweetman, March 1987. Quoted in Begich, Nick & Manning, Jeane, Angels Don't Play This HAARP, Earthpulse Press, 1995, p. 171-172.

76. Marks, John, The Search for the 'Manchurian Candidate,' Times Books, 1979, p. 212.

77. Bearden, Explore (Vol. 9, No. 4), 1999. http://www.cheniere.org/explore%20articles/mind%20control3/p08.jpg

78. Cherney's Web page: http://www.angelfire.com/or/mctrl/index.html

79. Letter from Joan K. Christensen: http://www.raven1.net/jkchrist.gif

80. U.S. Navy Contract: http://www.raven1.net/aegis.htm

81. Medical study: http://www.dcn.davis.ca.us/~welsh/study_notice.htm

82. Begich, Nick & Roderick, Jim, Earth Rising The Revolution, Earthpulse Press, 1999, pp. 117-133; the DoD/DoJ Memorandum of Understanding signed by Janet Reno and John Deutsch, 4/20/94: http://www.pir.org/foia/mou01.html. . See also "Urban guerilla warfare and non-lethal weapons,"Intelligence Newsletter #381, 5/4/00 (in Lexis database).

83. Begich & Manning, op. cit., pp. 175-176.

84. "The New Mental Battlefield: Beam Me Up Spock," Military Review. For histories of NL weapons development, see Aftergood, Steven, "The 'Soft Kill' Fallacy," Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 1994 (http://www.bullatomicsci.org/issues/1994/so94/so94Aftergood.html) and two articles by British journalist Armen Victorian: "Background on the Aviary," Nexus Magazine(Australia), 1995. (http://v-j-enterprises.com/nexusavi.html ) and "Non-Lethality: John B. Alexander, The Pentagon's Penguine," MindNet Journal, Vol. 1, No. 86 ( http://www.visitations.com/mindnet/MN186.HTM )

85. Begich, & Roderick, op. cit., p. 117.

86. Begich, & Manning, op. cit., pp. 175-176. It is unclear whether this language is included in the final version.

87. U.S. News & WR: http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/ultra21753/usnews.htm . See also "Soon, 'Phasers on Stun'," Newsweek, 2/7/94:http://www.datafilter.com/mc/newsweekNonlethal.html and Bryce, Susan, "Totalitarian Technology: The Truth is Closer Than Fiction," New Dawn, #50 (September-October 1998):http://newdawnmagazine.com.au/ . See also Filterman, Marc, Les Armes de L'Ombre (Black Project Weapons), Editions Carnot, 1999, which covers secret and unknown weapons developed in the last two decades by the U.S., Soviets (Russians) and Europeans.

88. Lee, Martin A. "The Pentagon's people zapper," San Francisco Bay Guardian, 4/2/01. http://www.sfbg.com/reality/22.htm . Add other links.

89. See "Bioeffects of Radiofrequency Radiation" on the Web site of Brooks Air Force Base: http://www.brooks.af.mil/AFRL/HED/hedr/reports/bioeffects/87-3con.htm.

90. Pound, Edward T., 12/30/99; also ""How decisions and appeals are handled," 12/29/99 and "A few who got through," 12/29/99. http://www.usatoday.com/

91. Horgan, John, "Lying by the Book," Scientific American, October 1992. Posted at http://j_kidd.tripod.com/b/report68.html. Americans for Democratic Action is on record calling for public exposure and reclassification of all SAPs. Its resolution is posted at http://adaction.org/pubs/intact401.html .

92. Bearden, op. cit. Endnote #77

93. http://www.amnix.com/jedmartin/cs001.htm

94. A summary of Seligman's work, with bibliography, can be found athttp://www.uwinnipeg.ca/campus/uwsa/from.htm .

95. See the narratives of alleged MC experimentees:http://mindcontrolforums.com/MCF/victm-hm.htm

96. Psychic Warrior, St. Martin's. Also see "Paranormal ESPionage," an interview with W. Adam Mandelbaum, author of Psychic Battlefield: A History of the Military-Occult Complex, St. Martin's Press, 2000 in New Dawn magazine, #62 (September-October 2000): http://newdawnmagazine.com.au/ .

97. A "Sensitive Compartmented Information Nondisclosure Agreement" required of Defense Department contract employees is posted at http://jya.com/scinda.htm .

98. See Uri Dowbenko Interview with Morehouse: "The True Adventures of a Psychic Spy,"Nexus, October/November 1997 (http://www.nexusmagazine.com/psispy2.html )

99. Ibid.

100. Rowlett's article: http://karws.gso.uri.edu/Marsh/MKULTRA/MKULTRA.txt

101. Bearden, op. cit., Endnote #77